Charles Efferson

Principal Investigator

Charles Efferson

Professor

Faculty of Business and Economics
University of Lausanne

Biography

Charles is an evolutionary ecologist squarely focused on the evolution of human social cognition and human social behavior. Although he takes evolutionary ecology as an overarching framework, his research draws from anthropology, economics, psychology, and sociology.

Charles routinely mixes modeling with the analysis of both experimental and observational data. He has conducted fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and on-line experiments in Armenia, Brazil, Bolivia, Germany, Sudan, Switzerland, and the United States.

Charles is in the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Lausanne . He is co-director of LABEX , together with Adrian Bruhin and together with Laurent Lehmann and Luís Santos-Pinto he also runs the inter-faculty MSc program in Behaviour, Economics, and Evolution . Charles is also a CESifo Research Network Affiliate .

Grant Four

Funding body

2024–2028

CHF 0.5 million

Grant Three

Funding body

2024–2027

CHF 0.75 million

Grant Two

Funding body

2022–2023

CHF 200K

Grant One

Funding body

2021–2025

CHF 250K

2026

The (anti-)conformity strategy space: How flexible is social learning when group membership and incentive alignment vary?

von Flüe, L., Efferson, C., Vogt, S

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

2026

Credible Leadership signals

Efferson, C., Schimmelpfennig, R., Bastardoz, N.

The Leadership Quarterly. Volume 37, Issue 2

2025

Activating cultural evolution for good when people differ from each other

Efferson, C., Vogt, S., von Flüe, L.

Oxford Handbook of Cultural Evolution

2025

The cover of randomness: validating implicit methods for the study of sensitive topics

Efferson, C., Vogt, S.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 7: e6

2024

How culture shapes choices related to fertility and mortality: Causal evidence at the Swiss language border

Faessler, L., Lalive, R., Efferson, C.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 6: e28

2024

Isolating a culture of son preference among Armenian, Georgian and Azeri Parents in Soviet-era Russia

Schief, M., Vogt, S., Churilova, E., Efferson, C.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 6: e19

2024

Super-additive cooperation

Efferson, C., Bernhard, H., Fischbacher, U, and Fehr, E.

Nature. 626, 1034–1041

2024

Identifying culture as cause: challenges and opportunities

Lonati, S., Lalive, R., Efferson, C.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 6, e9

2024

When norm change hurts

Efferson, C., Ehret, S., von Flüe, L., Vogt, S.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 379: 20230039

2023

Agentic processes in cultural evolution: relevance to Anthropocene sustainability

Richerson, P.J., Boyd, R.T., Efferson, C.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 379: 20220252

2023

Our fragile future under the cumulative cultural evolution of two technologies

Efferson, C., Richerson, P.J., Weinberger, V.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 379: 20220257

2023

Green preferences sustain green washing: challenges in the cultural transition to a sustainable future

von Flüe, L., Efferson, C., and Vogt, S.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 379: 20220268

2023

Activating cultural change for good in heterogeneous populations

Efferson, C., Vogt, S., von Flüe, L.

Oxford Handbook of Cultural Evolution. 62: 827-841

2023

A market for integrity: the use of competition to reduce bribery in education

Soraperra, I., Köbis, N., Shalvi, S., Vogt, S., Efferson, C., Offerman, T.

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 107: 102110

2022

Group identities can undermine social tipping after intervention

Ehret, S., Constantino, S., Weber, E., Efferson, C., and Vogt, S.

Nature Human Behaviour. 6: 1669-1679

2022

What is the extent of a frequency-dependent social learning strategy space?

Bellamy, A., McKay, R., Vogt, S., and Efferson C.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e13

2022

Pre-existing fairness concerns restrict the cultural evolution and generalization of inequitable norms in children

Berger, J., Vogt, S., and Efferson, C.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 43: 1-15

2021

Tipping pro-environmental norm diffusion at scale: opportunities and limitations

Berger, J., Efferson, C., and Vogt, S.

Behavioural Public Policy. 1-26

2021

Promotion of behavioural change for health in a heterogeneous population

Schimmelpfennig, R., Vogt, S., Ehret, S., and Efferson, C.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 99:819–827

2021

Investigating the structure of son bias in Armenia with novel measures of individual preferences

Schief, M., Vogt, S., and Efferson, C.

Demography. 58 (5): 1737–1764

2021

Policy to activate cultural change to amplify policy

Efferson, C.

PNAS. 118 (23) e2106306118

2021

Collectively jumping to conclusions: Social information amplifies the tendency to gather insufficient data

Sulik, J., Efferson, C., and McKay, R.

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 150: 2309–2320

2020

The evolution of distorted beliefs versus mistaken choices under asymmetric error costs

Efferson, C., McKay, R., and Fehr, E.

Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2: e27

2020

The promise and the peril of using social influence to reverse harmful traditions

Efferson, C., Vogt, S., and Fehr, E.

Nature Human Behaviour. 4: 55-68

2018

Economic Psychology

Efferson, C.

International Encyclopedia of Anthropology

2018

Behavioural homogenisation with spillovers in a normative domain

Efferson, C. and Vogt, S.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285: 20180492

2018

Simple moral code supports cooperation

Efferson, C. and Fehr. E.

Nature. 555: 169-170

2018

The error of God, revisited

McKay, R., Ross, R., O’Lone, K., and Efferson, C.

Religion, Brain, & Behavior. 8: 306-310

2018

Redefine Statistical Significance

Benjamin, D. J., Berger, J. O., Johannesson, M., Nosek, B. A., Wagenmakers, E.– J., Berk, R., Bollen, K. A., Brembs, B., Brown, L., Camerer, C., Cesarini, D., Chambers, C. D., Clyde, M., Cook, T. D., De Boeck, P., Dienes, Z., Dreber, A., Easwaran, K., Efferson, C., Fehr, E., Fidler, F., Field, A. P., Forster, M., George, E. I., Gonzalez, R., Goodman, S., Green, E., Green, D. P., Greenwald, A., Hadfield, J. D., Hedges, L. V., Held, L., Ho, T.–H., Hoijtink, H., Jones, J. H., Hruschka, D. J., Imai, K., Imbens, G., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Jeon, M., Kirchler, M., Laibson, D., List, J., Little, R., Lupia, A., Machery, E., Maxwell, S. E., McCarthy, M., Moore, D., Morgan, S. L., Munaf, M., Nakagawa, S., Nyhan, B., Parker, T. H., Pericchi, L., Perugini, M., Rouder, J., Rousseau, J., Savalei, V., Schnbrodt, F. D., Sellke, T., Sinclair, B., Tingley, D., Van Zandt, T., Vazire, S., Watts, D. J., Winship, C., Wolpert, R. L., Xie, Y., Young, C., Zinman, J., and Johnson, V. E.

Nature Human Behaviour. 2: 6-10

2017

The risk of female genital cutting in Europe: Comparing immigrant attitudes toward uncut girls with attitudes in a practicing country

Vogt, S., Efferson, C., and Fehr, E.

Social Science & Medicine – Population Health. 3: 283-293

2017

One-shot reciprocity under error management is unbiased and fragile

Zimmermann, J. and Efferson, C.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 38: 39-47

2016

The evolution of facultative conformity based on similarity

Efferson, C., Lalive, R., Cacault, M. P., and Kistler, D.

PLoS ONE. 11(12): e0168551

2016

Changing cultural attitudes on female genital cutting

Vogt, S., Zaid, N. A. M., Ahmed, H. E. F., Fehr, E., and Efferson, C.

Nature. 538: 506-509

2016

Sustained cooperation by running away from bad behavior

Efferson, C., Roca, C., Vogt, S., and Helbing, D.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 37: 1-9

2015

Female genital cutting is not a social coordination norm

Efferson, C., Vogt, S., Elhadi, A., Ahmed, H. E. F., and Fehr, E.

Science. 349: 1446-1447

2015

Eye spots do not increase altruism in children

Vogt, S., Efferson, C., Berger, Jöel, and Fehr, E.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 36: 224-231

2014

Impartial institutions, pathogen stress, and the expanding social network

Hruschka, D., Efferson, C., Jiang, T., Falletta-Cowden, A., Sigurdsson, S., McNamara, R., Sands, M., Munira, S., Slingerland, E., and Henrich, J.

Human Nature. 25: 567-579

2013

Can we see inside? Predicting strategic behavior given limited information

Vogt, S., Efferson, C., and Fehr, E.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 34: 258-264

2013

Viewing men’s faces does not lead to accurate predictions of trustworthiness

Efferson, C. and Vogt, S.

Scientific Reports. 3: 1-7

2012

A review of a cooperative species: Human reciprocity and its evolution by Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis

Efferson, C.

The Economic Journal. 122: F253-F269

2011

Are religious individuals more generous, trusting, and cooperative? An experimental test of the effect of religion on prosociality

Paciotti, B., Richerson, P. J., Lubell, M., Waring, T., McElreath, R., Efferson, C., and Edsten, E.

Research in Economic Anthropology. 31: 267-305

2010

Wrath of God: Religious primes and punishment

McKay, R., Efferson, C., Whitehouse, H., and Fehr, E.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278: 1858-1863

2010

The subtleties of error management

McKay, R. and Efferson, C.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 31: 309-319

2008

The coevolution of cultural groups and ingroup favoritism

Efferson, C., Lalive, R., and Fehr, E.

Science. 321: 1844-1849

2008

Beyond existence and aiming outside the laboratory: Estimating frequency-dependent and payoff-biased social learning strategies

McElreath, R., Bell, A. V., Efferson, C., Lubell, M., Richerson, P. J., and Waring, T.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363: 3515-3528

2008

Prey-producing predators: the ecology of human intensification

Efferson, C.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences. 12: 55-74

2008

Conformists and mavericks: The empirics of frequency-dependent cultural transmission

Efferson, C., Lalive, R., Richerson, P. J., McElreath, R., and Lubell, M.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 29: 56-64

2007

Other-regarding preferences in a nonhuman primate: Common marmosets provision food altruistically

Burkart, J. M., Fehr, E., Efferson, C., and van Schaik, C. P.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104: 19762-19766

2007

New methods in quantitative ethnography: Economic experiments and variation in the price of equality

Efferson, C., Takezawa, M., and McElreath, R.

Current Anthropology. 48: 912-919

2007

A prolegomenon to nonlinear empiricism in the human behavioral sciences

Efferson, C. and Richerson, P. J.

Biology and Philosophy. 22: 1-33

2006

Learning, productivity, and noise: An experimental study of cultural transmission on the Bolivian Altiplano

Efferson, C., Richerson, P. J., McElreath, R., Lubell, M., Edsten, E., Waring, T. M., Paciotti, B., and Baum, W.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 28: 11-17

2006

Evidence for local specialization in a generalist mammalian herbivore, Neotoma fuscipes

McEachern, M. B., Eagle-Smith, C. A., Efferson, C. M., and Van Vuren, D. H.

Oikos. 113: 440-448

2005

Applying evolutionary models to the laboratory study of social learning

McElreath, R., Lubell, M., Richerson, P. J., Waring, T. M., Baum, W., Edsten, E., Efferson, C., and Paciotti, B.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 26: 483-508

2004

Cultural evolution in laboratory microsocieties including traditions of rule giving and rule following

Baum, W. M., Richerson, P. J., Efferson, C. M., and Paciotti, B. M.

Evolution and Human Behavior. 25: 305-326

2026

Exploring Gender Differences in the Acceptability of Digital Agricultural Tools: Experimental Evidence from Rural India

Marti, E., Vogt, S. Efferson, C.

2026

Social tipping our way – or maybe not – to some kind of future

Ehret, S., Constantino, S., Weber, El., Efferson, C., Vogt, S.

2026

(Anti-)conformity in three dimensions: Social learning in the space between simple heuristics and general-purpose reasoning

von Flüe, L., Efferson, C., Vogt, S

2026

The limits of digital advisory services: Evidence from a field experiment in Madhya Pradesh

Reul, M., Tiwari, L. M., Efferson, C., Vogt, S.

2023

Isolating a culture of son preference among Armenian, Georgian, and Azeri parents in Soviet-era Russia

Schief, M., Vogt, S., Churilova, E., Efferson, C.

Available at CESifo

2022

Super-Additive Cooperation

Efferson, C., Bernhard, H., Fischbacher, U., and Fehr, E.

Available at CESifo

2021

Leading with the (recently) successful: performance visibility and the evolution of risk taking

Ehret, S., Vogt, S., Hefti, A, and Efferson, C.

Available at SSRN

2019

A market for integrity – an experiment on corruption in the education sector

Soraperra, I., Köbis, N., Efferson, C., Shalvi, S., Vogt, S., and Offerman, T.

Available at SSRN

Studying Different Types of Social Influence in Isolation Distorts Our Understanding of How Humans Learn From Each Other

Schimmelpfennig, R., Ehret, S., Efferson, C., Vogt, S.